Surveying and mapping microsoft internet information. Sometimes a special joint or a tally marker is attached every 5 metres. Scope of manual this manual, in general, covers divisionwide surveying policies and procedures and appropriate reference material. Point a is the starting point of chain line chainage of point v, b, d are measured from point a. With detailed knowledge of the construction, building and mining industries, our surveyors are able to draw upon a large base of experience to meet specific challenges.
Set the theodolite at the zero and do the temporary adjustments. Reconnaissance survey preparation and scope the reconnaissance survey is an extensive study of an entire area that might be used for a road or airfield. The necessary requirements for field work are chain, tape, ranging rod, arrows and. If the ground is sloping, the horizontal distances are obtained either directly or indirectly. It is the art of measuring horizontal and vertical distances between objects, of measuring angles between lines, of determining the direction of lines, and of establishing points by predetermined angular and linear measurements. Instruments used in chain survey chain used for surveying. This activity requires a minimum of four children in the active roles but works with groups of eight to. Selection of the station, measurement of lines and taking offsets of different objects in the field reconnaissance.
Mar, 2018 chain surveying with all equipment chain,arrow,pegs,ranging rod,offset rod duration. This procedure varies with the experiment given to students. Principles and methods of surveying in civil engineering. Here in we have gathered some pdf lectures on surveying. If the slope of the country is upto 3, it is generally taken as level ground. Quantity surveying is global and provides services across various industries. Trimble navigation limited is committed to excellence in product training services.
Write the names of the instruments used in chain surveying. Chain tape surveying is the simplest form of detail surveying. Chain surveying is the type of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. Chain surveying is the basic and oldest type of surveying. Surveying is an art of determining the relative positions of various points on, above or below the surface of the earth by means of direct or indirect measurement of distance, direction and elevation. Chain surveying definition, details, procedure civil engineering. Chain survey is the simplest and commonest method used in surveying exercises. Chain survey can also be used when the area is open and details to be filled up are simple and less. Surveying is a very important part of civil engineering. A traverse is a framework of survey lines obtained by connecting a series of survey lines in which the length and direction of survey lines are measured with the help of tape and angle measuring instrument. Surveying i list of practical minimum 15 practical should be performed out of the following 1 measurement of distance by ranging and chaining.
It measures a series of straight lines on the ground with a chain or tape measure and all fixed points relative to the line of traverse either by right angles offsets or tie lines. Keep the staff on the pegs and observe the corresponding staff intercepts with horizontal site. Designation of curve the sharpness of the curve is designated by two. Angles of triangles must not be less than 30 degree and greater than 120 degree. Traverse, procedures of chain surveying, assignment help. This is most suitable adapted to small plane areas with very few details. In some cases, much of the topographic surveying may be undertaken via photogrammetric processes. Outline of survey procedure below is an outline of the survey procedure. The introduction of computers, total stations and gps in surveying have revolutionized the way construction surveys are done now. Additionally it is necessary to add information which may provide a proper interpretation of the structure of coastal features. Compass surveying principles use of prismatic compass, measurement of. Earlier, we discussed principles of chain surveying and the considerations that are taken for carrying out chain surveying in this article, we will discuss various instruments that are essential for carrying out chain surveying.
Pdf key points on chain surveying araen shinge academia. Chains or tapes are used to measure distances on the field. Procedure for surveying the given open field closed traverse. It is a method of surveying in which the area to be divided into a number of triangles. Chain survey is suitable when area to be surveyed is comparatively small and the ground is fairly level. May 2005 surveying equipment, measurements and errors 3. It includes reconnaissance, selection of station, measurement of lines and.
Compass surveying principles use of prismatic compass, measurement of bearings, conversion of bearings, local attraction, correction of. We hope students all over the world will find it helpful. Surveying equipments the gunters chain known also as the surveyors chain, which is 20 m long and divided into 100 links links 6. The length of chain is the distance between the outside of handles. Recent developments in surveying technology have made many methods obsolete. Substitute the values of distance d and staff intercept s for different points in the. Traditionally a stationoffset method was used for establishing construction control.
The surveyor inspects the area to be surveyed, survey or prepares index sketch or key plan. The overall area to be surveyed is divided within framework of triangles of appropriate sizes. Survey field procedures manual prepared by the division of. Amongst the various methods of surveying, the commonly used method is called chain surveying. The overall goal of this course is for you to learn how to use the trimble realtime kinematic surveying rtk system so that you can perform your work tasks with confidence. Usually, a chain has a total length of 20 metres, including one handle at each end. Duties of the follower and leader during chain surveying. Distances and directions determine the horizontal positions of these points. The principle of chain surveying is derived from principle of triangulation. Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations and their selection.
The chain survey is the simplest method of surveying. Procedures of chain surveying, chain surveying, assignment. If carefully done, it gives quite accurate results. The main principle of chain surveying or chain triangulation is to provide a framework consist of number of wellconditioned triangles or nearly equilateral triangles. Levelling in engineering survey types, methods, procedures. April 2004 figure 1 the three main types of levels.
Chain surveying 932003 surveying civil engineering. The duties of the follower chain man at the rear end of the chain are. Survey i surveying i list of practical minimum 15 practical should be performed out of the following 1 measurement of distance by ranging and chaining. In surveying, for the purpose of plotting, only horizontal distances are required. Part 650 engineering field handbook chapter 1 surveying 1viii 210viefh, october 2008 figure 114 calculating horizontal latitude and longitude coordinates 126 from survey data figure 115 distance measured as either horizontal or slope distance 126 figure 116 odometer wheel 127 figure 117 breaking chain 128 figure 118 digital laser edm. This is the preliminary survey in which to the survey party will examine the plot to be surveyed in order to know as to how the works can be executed in the best possible. To survey an open field by chain survey in order to calculate the area of the open field. In this method thelengths of lines marked on the field are measured, while the details are measured byoffsets and ties from these lines. Types of chains used in surveying, their parts, testing. Levelling is the most widely used method of obtaining the elevations of ground points relative to a reference datum and is usually carried out as a separate procedure to those used in fixing planimetric position.
In chain surveying only linear measurements are made i. Overview of plane surveying chain, compass and plane table, objectives, principles, and classifications. Construction surveying techniques are also used for verifying the location and quantities of completed work asbuilt. Chain surveying is the type of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the. Quantity surveyors are involved in all phases of a facilitys lifecycle such as feasibility, design, construction. In these surveys, control is achieved by positioning details on the ground which may be identified in images. In the chain survey, only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as plotting. The preliminary inspection of the area to be chain surveyed is called reconnaissance. Chain surveying is considered to be the simplest method of. Type of surveying is suitable for surveys of small extent on open ground to secure data for exact description of the boundaries of a piece of land or to take sample detail. Chain surveying is the simplest method of surveying.
Surveying is the science of determining the relative positions of objects or points on the earths surface. Jun 16, 2015 chain surveying, it is a method of surveying in which no angles are measured but only linear measurement is taken in the field by using a chain or tape measure. For easy use and workability band chains are wound on steel. Chain surveying 93 2003 free download as powerpoint presentation. Chain used for chain surveying each link at the end is bent into a loop and is connected to adjoiningly by means of three oval rings which offers flexibility to the chain. The entire procedure for chain surveying can be divided into three major groups. If the curve deflects to the right of the directionof the progress of. Ce 104 practical surveying sessional lab manual ahsanullah. It is a basic course for all universities for civil engineers.
Stretch the chain in the field and drive pegs at 10m, 20m interval. Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations and their. Chain survey method for performing chain surveying how to. Because of its ease of use, it is used during reconnaissance survey as a quick. The area to be surveyed is divided into a number of small triangles.
The basic concept of leveling involves the measurement of vertical distance relative to a horizontal line of sight. Surveying all surveying and mapping work performed for the department shall be in accordance. Reconnaissance survey preparation and scope the reconnaissance survey is an extensive study of an entire area. Basic surveying manual michigan technological university. Chain surveying method in civil engineering, how to. In this survey only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as plotting calculation etc. It is a system of surveying in which sides of various triangles are measured directly in the field and no angular measurements are taken. The whole area is then plotted on a drawing sheet to a suitable scale to prepare a map. Nor is it a substitute for surveying knowledge, experience or judgment. For chain surveying, at least two men are required, but frequently three people are employed.
The lengths of the sides are measured and the interior details are recorded. Teacher notes and instructions for chain surveying activity. Method of setting offset to the chain line chain surveying principles have so far been applied to areas of land with straight boundaries. The engineers chain, 30 m long and also consisting of 100 links the tape, usually of steel 7. These types of chain consist of a long narrow strip of steel of uniform width of 12 to 16 mm and thickness of 0. Chain surveying and linear measurements surveying youtube. Aerial surveying and mapping standards for transportation products, topic no. May 09, 2009 surveying equipments the gunters chain known also as the surveyors chain, which is 20 m long and divided into 100 links links 6. Pdf duties and responsibilities of quantity surveyors in. Chain surveying, it is a method of surveying in which no angles are measured but only linear measurement is taken in the field by using a chain or tape measure. The principle involved in chain survey is of triangulation.